Hexavalent chromium induces reactive oxygen species and impairs the antioxidant power of human erythrocytes and lymphocytes: Decreased metal reducing and free radical quenching ability of the cells

Toxicology and Industrial Health
Nazim Husain, Riaz Mahmood

Abstract

The toxicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in biological systems is thought to be closely associated with the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. These species are produced when Cr(VI) is reduced to its trivalent form in the cell. This process results in oxidative stress due to an imbalance between the detoxifying ability of the cell and the production of free radicals. We have studied the effect of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a [Cr(VI)] compound, on the antioxidant power of human erythrocytes and lymphocytes under in vitro conditions. Incubation of erythrocytes and lymphocytes with different concentrations of K2Cr2O7 resulted in a marked dose-dependent decrease in reduced glutathione and an increase in oxidized glutathione and reactive oxygen species levels. The antioxidant power of the cells was decreased, as determined by metal reducing and free radical quenching assays. These results show that [Cr(VI)] upregulates the generation of reactive oxygen species and, as a consequence, the cellular antioxidant defences are compromised. The resulting oxidative stress may contribute to Cr(VI)-induced cellular damage.

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Citations

Oct 19, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Leonardo M R FerreiraAna M Urbano
Jan 20, 2021·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology·Fateme KooshkiBahram Pourghassem Gargari
Feb 21, 2021·Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·Carla Cedillo AlvarezAraceli Hernández Zavala
Jun 9, 2021·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Błażej StankiewiczAnna Skarpańska-Stejnborn

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
atomic absorption spectroscopy
ABTS

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