High-Density Quantum Sensing with Dissipative First Order Transitions

Physical Review Letters
Meghana RaghunandanHendrik Weimer

Abstract

The sensing of external fields using quantum systems is a prime example of an emergent quantum technology. Generically, the sensitivity of a quantum sensor consisting of N independent particles is proportional to sqrt[N]. However, interactions invariably occurring at high densities lead to a breakdown of the assumption of independence between the particles, posing a severe challenge for quantum sensors operating at the nanoscale. Here, we show that interactions in quantum sensors can be transformed from a nuisance into an advantage when strong interactions trigger a dissipative phase transition in an open quantum system. We demonstrate this behavior by analyzing dissipative quantum sensors based upon nitrogen-vacancy defect centers in diamond. Using both a variational method and a numerical simulation of the master equation describing the open quantum many-body system, we establish the existence of a dissipative first order transition that can be used for quantum sensing. We investigate the properties of this phase transition for two- and three-dimensional setups, demonstrating that the transition can be observed using current experimental technology. Finally, we show that quantum sensors based on dissipative phase transitions ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 2, 2019·Physical Review Letters·Federico CarolloIgor Lesanovsky
Sep 5, 2018·Nature Communications·C G WadeK J Weatherill
Mar 18, 2020·Science Advances·Meghana RaghunandanHendrik Weimer
Dec 19, 2020·Physical Review Letters·Florentin ReiterSusanne F Yelin
Jan 16, 2021·Physical Review Letters·Tim PistoriusHendrik Weimer
Jan 23, 2021·Physical Review Letters·Yaoming ChuJianming Cai

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