High-dose anakinra as treatment for macrophage activation syndrome caused by refractory Kawasaki disease in an infant.

BMJ Case Reports
Marie Lind-HolstAnne Estmann Christensen

Abstract

We report a 12-week-old boy presenting with incomplete refractory Kawasaki disease (KD) complicated with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The infant presented with cerebral irritability, pain, tachypnoea and vomiting for 10 days. He did not fulfil any of the classic diagnostic criteria for KD. Pericardial effusion on echocardiography in addition to severe dilatation of the coronary arteries in combination with leucocytosis and raised acute phase reactants led to the diagnosis of incomplete KD. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin was initiated but without any response. The condition was subsequently refractory to additional treatment with infliximab and high-dose methylprednisolone. His condition worsened, fulfilling the criteria for MAS. High-dose anakinra was initiated, and remission of the inflammation was achieved.

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Citations

Feb 6, 2020·Current Rheumatology Reports·Priya R SoniMoshe Arditi
Jul 4, 2020·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Matthias WalserAndré Jakob
Sep 5, 2020·Paediatric Drugs·Giovanna FerraraRolando Cimaz
Aug 12, 2020·Arthritis & Rheumatology·Isabelle Koné-PautCéline Piedvache
Feb 4, 2021·Journal of Inflammation Research·Bushra MdkhanaRabih Halwani
Feb 23, 2020·Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology·Leonardo Rivera-RodriguezMarco A Yamazaki-Nakashimada
Apr 16, 2021·Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease·Maria Vincenza MastroliaGabriele Simonini
Aug 6, 2021·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Lung ChangKuender D Yang

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