High-fat diets rich in medium- versus long-chain fatty acids induce distinct patterns of tissue specific insulin resistance

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
Johan De Vogel-van den BoschKo Willems van Dijk

Abstract

Excess dietary long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) intake results in ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. Since medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are preferentially oxidized over LCFA, we hypothesized that diets rich in MCFA result in a lower ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance compared to diets rich in LCFA. Feeding mice high-fat (HF) (45% kcal fat) diets for 8 weeks rich in triacylglycerols composed of MCFA (HFMCT) or LCFA (HFLCT) revealed a lower body weight gain in the HFMCT-fed mice. Indirect calorimetry revealed higher fat oxidation on HFMCT compared to HFLCT (0.011.0±0.0007 vs. 0.0096±0.0015 kcal/g body weight per hour, P<.05). In line with this, neutral lipid immunohistochemistry revealed significantly lower lipid storage in skeletal muscle (0.05±0.08 vs. 0.30±0.23 area%, P <.05) and in liver (0.9±0.4 vs. 6.4±0.8 area%, P<.05) after HFMCT vs. HFLCT, while ectopic fat storage in low fat (LF) was very low. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps revealed that the HFMCT and HFLCT resulted in severe whole body insulin resistance (glucose infusion rate: 53.1±6.8, 50.8±15.3 vs. 124.6±25.4 μmol min(-1) kg(-1), P<.001 in HFMCT, HFLCT and LF-fed mice, respectively). However, under hyperinsulinemic conditions, HFMCT...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 21, 2014·Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews·Mohamad Hafizi Abu BakarHasniza Zaman Huri
Oct 1, 2013·Journal of Lipid Research·Magdalene K MontgomeryNigel Turner
Nov 10, 2017·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Lewin SmallGregory J Cooney
Oct 28, 2011·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Joris HoeksPatrick Schrauwen
Sep 14, 2018·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Sabri Ahmed RialCatherine Mounier
Dec 10, 2019·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids·Sabri Ahmed RialCatherine Mounier

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