High frequency nonlinear scattering from a micrometer to submicrometer sized lipid encapsulated contrast agent

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
David E GoertzAntonius F W van der Steen

Abstract

An experimental lipid encapsulated contrast agent comprised substantially of micrometer to submicrometer diameter bubbles was evaluated for its capacity to produce nonlinear scattering in response to high transmit frequencies. Agent characterization experiments were conducted at transmit frequencies of 20 and 30 MHz with bandwidths of 5, 15 and 25% using a broadband focused PVDF transducer. The presence of subharmonic energy was observed for all bandwidths at a wide range of pressures (0.49 to 5.7 MPa and 0.45 to 4.5 MPa for the 20 and 30 MHz cases, respectively). Distinct ultraharmonics were observed only in the 5% bandwidth cases. Second harmonic energy was also present, but this was at least partly due to nonlinear propagation, as indicated by linear scatterer signals. Evidence of destruction was found only at higher peak negative pressures (e.g., >2 MPa for 30 MHz 5% bandwidth pulse). The results suggest that small lipid bubble formulations may be useful for the purposes of high frequency nonlinear contrast imaging.

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Citations

Jun 11, 2009·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Jonathan Mamou, Jeffrey A Ketterling
Oct 10, 2009·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Jiusheng ChenRobin Shandas
Nov 30, 2010·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Jeroen SijlMichel Versluis
Mar 25, 2011·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Guillaume HaïatWladimir Urbach
May 10, 2013·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Himanshu Shekhar, Marvin M Doyley
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Sep 21, 2010·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·David MarescaAntonius F W van der Steen
Jul 29, 2010·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry·Shih-Tsung Kang, Chih-Kuang Yeh
May 3, 2008·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·Benjamin DolletMichel Versluis
Mar 11, 2008·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·A NeedlesF S Foster
Aug 9, 2007·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·David E GoertzAntonius F W van der Steen
May 25, 2007·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·David E GoertzAntonius F W van der Steen
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Apr 18, 2006·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·David E GoertzAntonius F W van der Steen
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Jun 19, 2007·Nature Methods·Wolfram GoesslingLeonard I Zon

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