High intervality explained by phylogenetic constraints in host-parasite webs

Ecology
D MouillotR Poulin

Abstract

The finding of invariant structures in species interaction webs is of central importance for ecology, with the greatest challenge remaining the elucidation of the processes governing these universal web patterns. Here we quantify the degree of intervality of seven fish-metazoan and 33 mammal-flea webs, i.e., the number of irreducible gaps in parasite diets along the host spectrum, and then challenge the idea that some invariant structures may emerge in host-parasite webs. Using a null model of random links between parasite and host species we find that empirical host-parasite webs exhibit a strong bias toward contiguity of parasite diet, i.e., toward intervality. Going one step further, we demonstrate that a null model with phylogenetic constraints on host-parasite links produced webs very similar to empirical ones, particularly when phylogenetic constraints occur at the family level, that is, when two hosts from the same family are more likely to be infected than two random hosts. In addition, we propose a new standardized measure of intervality which describes a novel "facet" of natural networks as it is independent of connectance or web size. We suggest using this measure as a surrogate of web maturity or saturation as phylo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 17, 2010·Journal of Mathematical Biology·Åke BrännströmAxel G Rossberg
May 14, 2010·Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·Axel G RossbergUlf Dieckmann
Jan 14, 2010·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·Melinda L MoirMichael A McCarthy
Oct 25, 2012·Parasites & Vectors·Michael V K Sukhdeo
Dec 15, 2010·Journal of Theoretical Biology·Alexander E ZookStefano Allesina
Jun 22, 2010·Trends in Parasitology·Robert Poulin
Dec 23, 2008·Trends in Parasitology·James E Byers
Mar 16, 2011·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Daniel B StoufferLuís A Nunes Amaral
Feb 27, 2013·Ecology Letters·Anna EklöfStefano Allesina
Jul 28, 2011·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Daniel P BeneshGeoff A Parker
Apr 9, 2010·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Miguel A FortunaJordi Bascompte
Nov 12, 2013·Global Change Biology·Camille AlbouyDominique Gravel
Jul 3, 2016·Chaos·Virginia Domínguez-GarcíaMiguel A Muñoz
Jun 8, 2018·Ecology Letters·Angelo Barbosa Monteiro, Lucas Del Bianco Faria
Aug 31, 2017·Virus Evolution·Sergi ValverdeRicard Solé

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