Abstract
Fat obtained by wipe tests on the inner surface of 21 baking ovens from Stuttgart (Germany) were analyzed for halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), namely polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), dechlorane plus (DP), short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs), as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In ~50% of the samples chlorinated paraffins (CPs) were present in the mg/g fat range, i.e. three to four orders of magnitude higher concentrated than the sum of all other target compounds. In contrast the remaining ~50% of the samples were free of CPs, while the other HFRs were comparable in CP-positive and CP-negative samples. The exceptionally high concentrations and exclusive presence of CPs in half of the samples produced strong evidence that these compounds were released from the baking oven itself. This hypothesis was supported by detection of MCCPs at even higher concentrations in the inner components of one dismantled baking oven. The release of substantial amounts of HFRs from the oven casing during its use may contribute to human exposure to these compounds, especially MCCPs and SCCPs.
Citations
Oct 20, 2018·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Jannik Sprengel, Walter Vetter
Nov 23, 2018·Environmental Sciences Europe·Roland WeberKarlheinz Ballschmiter
Feb 28, 2020·Archives of Toxicology·Sebastian ZellmerAndreas Luch
Sep 3, 2020·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)Elsa Nielsen
Mar 29, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Roland WeberKarlheinz Ballschmiter
Dec 10, 2020·Environmental Pollution·Kerstin KrätschmerWalter Vetter
Feb 4, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Thomas J McGrathAdrian Covaci
Feb 14, 2020·Chemosphere·Louise M van MourikJochen F Mueller
Apr 23, 2019·Chemosphere·K KrätschmerW Vetter
Apr 9, 2021·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Jannik Sprengel, Walter Vetter
Jul 1, 2021·Food Chemistry: X·Jannik SprengelWalter Vetter
Sep 22, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology Letters·Bo YuanCynthia A de Wit
Aug 19, 2021·Environmental Health Perspectives·Kerstin KrätschmerWalter Vetter
Sep 4, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Thomas G OsimitzWiebke Droege
Aug 22, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Yu LiuBixian Mai
Sep 4, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Vhodaho Nevondo, Okechukwu Jonathan Okonkwo
Nov 23, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Xiaolei LiKarl J Jobst