High Numerates Count Icons and Low Numerates Process Large Areas in Pictographs: Results of an Eye-Tracking Study

Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
Christina KreuzmairMichael Siegrist

Abstract

In two experiments, we investigated the influence of numeracy on individuals' information processing of pictographs depending on numeracy via an eye-tracker. In two conditions, participants from the general population were presented with a scenario depicting the risk of having cancer and were asked to indicate their perceived risk. The risk level was high (63%) in experiment 1 (N = 70) and low (6%) in experiment 2 (N = 69). In the default condition, participants were free to use their default strategy for information processing. In the guiding-toward-the-number condition, they were prompted to count icons in the pictograph by answering with an explicit number. We used eye-tracking parameters related to the distance between sequential fixations to analyze participants' strategies for processing numerical information. In the default condition, the higher the numeracy was, the shorter the distances traversed in the pictograph were, indicating that participants counted the icons. People lower in numeracy performed increased large-area processing by comparing highlighted and nonhighlighted parts of the pictograph. In the guiding-toward-the-number condition, participants used short distances regardless of their numeracy, supporting t...Continue Reading

References

Jul 1, 1980·Psychological Review·M A Just, P A Carpenter
Dec 31, 1997·Annals of Internal Medicine·L M SchwartzH G Welch
Feb 24, 2001·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·I M LipkusB K Rimer
Apr 20, 2001·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·V F Reyna, A J Hamilton
Aug 25, 2004·Patient Education and Counseling·Danielle TimmermansJob Kievit
Aug 3, 2005·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Angela FagerlinPeter A Ubel
May 11, 2006·Psychological Science·Ellen PetersStephan Dickert
Aug 25, 2006·Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA·Jessica S AnckerJustin B Starren
Sep 5, 2006·Journal of Health Communication·Marilyn M SchapiraTimothy L McAuliffe
Sep 7, 2006·Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied·Valerie F Reyna, Farrell J Lloyd
Jan 24, 2007·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Deb Feldman-StewartVladimir Zotov
Sep 18, 2007·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Isaac M Lipkus
Apr 2, 2008·Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied·Raj M RatwaniDeborah A Boehm-Davis
May 13, 2008·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Ellen Peters
Jul 8, 2008·Patient Education and Counseling·Brian J Zikmund-FisherAngela Fagerlin
Aug 5, 2008·Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine·Wendy NelsonEllen Peters
Aug 30, 2008·Patient Education and Counseling·Sarah T HawleyAngela Fagerlin
Oct 3, 2008·Journal of General Internal Medicine·Andrea J ApterRima E Rudd
Nov 19, 2008·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Valerie F Reyna
Mar 18, 2009·Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association·Mirta GalesicGerd Gigerenzer
Jul 4, 2009·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·Carmen KellerVivianne Visschers
Oct 17, 2009·Health Education & Behavior : the Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education·Isaac M Lipkus, Ellen Peters
Nov 4, 2009·Psychological Bulletin·Valerie F ReynaNathan F Dieckmann
Apr 9, 2010·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Brian J Zikmund-FisherPeter A Ubel
May 21, 2010·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Rocio Garcia-RetameroGerd Gigerenzer
Aug 6, 2010·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Alan R TaitAngela Fagerlin
Feb 3, 2011·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·Carmen Keller
Sep 21, 2011·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·Angela FagerlinPeter A Ubel
Nov 19, 2011·Developmental Review : DR·Valerie F Reyna, Charles J Brainerd
May 26, 2012·TheScientificWorldJournal·Rocio Garcia-RetameroEdward T Cokely
Oct 31, 2012·Journal of Experimental Psychology. General·Jun FukukuraKentaro Fujita
Nov 20, 2012·Frontiers in Psychology·Susann Fiedler, Andreas Glöckner
Apr 1, 2013·Journal of Behavioral Decision Making·Joshua A WellerEllen Peters

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 28, 2016·Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·Edward R MelnickErik P Hess
Jun 18, 2017·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Carmen Keller, Alex Junghans
Nov 10, 2017·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·Ihnji JonMichael K Lindell
Mar 9, 2019·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Yasmina OkanErika A Waters
Aug 14, 2020·Heart·Gabriel Recchia, Alexandra Freeman
Mar 5, 2021·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Lyndal J TrevenaBrian J Zikmund-Fisher

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making
Stefania PighinLaura Cremonesi
Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making
Jonathan J RolisonPatrick A O'Connor
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved