High-speed in situ X-ray scattering of carbon nanotube film nucleation and self-organization

ACS Nano
Eric R MeshotA John Hart

Abstract

The production of high-performance carbon nanotube (CNT) materials demands understanding of the growth behavior of individual CNTs as well as collective effects among CNTs. We demonstrate the first use of grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering to monitor in real time the synthesis of CNT films by chemical vapor deposition. We use a custom-built cold-wall reactor along with a high-speed pixel array detector resulting in a time resolution of 10 msec. Quantitative models applied to time-resolved X-ray scattering patterns reveal that the Fe catalyst film first rapidly dewets into well-defined hemispherical particles during heating in a reducing atmosphere, and then the particles coarsen slowly upon continued annealing. After introduction of the carbon source, the initial CNT diameter distribution closely matches that of the catalyst particles. However, significant changes in CNT diameter can occur quickly during the subsequent CNT self-organization process. Correlation of time-resolved orientation data to X-ray scattering intensity and height kinetics suggests that the rate of self-organization is driven by both the CNT growth rate and density, and vertical CNT growth begins abruptly when CNT alignment reaches a critical th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 30, 2014·Nature Communications·M De VolderA J Hart
Apr 8, 2016·Chemical Reviews·Tao LiByeongdu Lee
Dec 14, 2016·Science Advances·Sanha KimA John Hart

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