PMID: 9418278Jan 7, 1998Paper

Higher-order factors of the Big Five

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
J M Digman

Abstract

Estimated factor correlations from 14 studies supporting the 5 factor, Big Five model of personality trait organization--5 studies based on children and adolescents, 9 on adults--were factor analyzed. Two higher-order factors were clearly evident in all studies. One was principally related to the Big Five trait dimensions Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability; the other, the dimensions Extraversion and Intellect. Two models, one for children and adolescents, the other for adults, were tested by confirmatory factor analysis with generally excellent results. Many personality theorists appear to have considered one or both of these 2 metatraits, provisionally labeled alpha and beta.

Citations

Apr 11, 2008·Journal of Personality·Andrew Beer, David Watson
Sep 21, 2013·Annual Review of Psychology·Eric TurkheimerErin E Horn
Mar 29, 2008·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology·Robert D Hare, Craig S Neumann
Aug 6, 2009·Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies·J Philippe RushtonClaudio Barbaranelli
Jun 17, 2005·Journal of Personality·Amy Kristof-BrownCynthia Kay Stevens
Aug 25, 2007·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology·W John Livesley, Kerry L Jang
May 22, 2009·Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies·Livia VeselkaPhilip Anthony Vernon
Mar 16, 2007·Journal of Personality·Mathias AllemandChristopher Hertzog
Jan 12, 2007·Journal of Personality·Leonard J Simms
Apr 8, 2006·Journal of Personality Assessment·L Charles WardStacy D Sanford
Oct 7, 2009·Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies·Livia VeselkaPhilip A Vernon
Jun 14, 2019·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Meredith HalcombMelissa A Cyders
Jan 4, 2021·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·D S ChristensenE L Mortensen

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