Higher resource level promotes virulence in an environmentally transmitted bacterial fish pathogen

Evolutionary Applications
Hanna KinnulaLotta-Riina Sundberg

Abstract

Diseases have become a primary constraint to sustainable aquaculture, but remarkably little attention has been paid to a broad class of pathogens: the opportunists. Opportunists often persist in the environment outside the host, and their pathogenic features are influenced by changes in the environment. To test how environmental nutrient levels influence virulence, we used strains of Flavobacterium columnare, an environmentally transmitted fish pathogen, to infect rainbow trout and zebra fish in two different nutrient concentrations. To separate the effects of dose and nutrients, we used three infective doses and studied the growth of bacteria in vitro. High nutrient concentration promoted both the virulence and the outside-host growth of the pathogen, most notably in a low-virulence strain. The increase in virulence could not be exhaustively explained by the increased dose under higher nutrient supply, suggesting virulence factor activation. In aquaculture settings, accumulation of organic material in rearing units can locally increase water nutrient concentration and therefore increase disease risk as a response to elevated bacterial density and virulence factor activation. Our results highlight the role of increased nutrient...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 10, 2018·PloS One·Allison Q ByrneErica Bree Rosenblum
Oct 23, 2018·Evolutionary Applications·Roghaieh AshrafiTarmo Ketola
Mar 30, 2018·Frontiers in Microbiology·Benjamin R LaFrentzSiow F Chang
Jun 13, 2018·Journal of Fish Diseases·Craig A ShoemakerBenjamin H Beck

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