Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses exhibit few barriers to gene flow in Vietnam.

EcoHealth
Margaret A CarrelMichael Emch

Abstract

Locating areas where genetic change is inhibited can illuminate underlying processes that drive evolution of pathogens. The persistence of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Vietnam since 2003, and the continuous molecular evolution of Vietnamese avian influenza viruses, indicates that local environmental factors are supportive not only of incidence but also of viral adaptation. This article explores whether gene flow is constant across Vietnam, or whether there exist boundary areas where gene flow exhibits discontinuity. Using a dataset of 125 highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses, principal components analysis and wombling analysis are used to indicate the location, magnitude, and statistical significance of genetic boundaries. Results show that a small number of geographically minor boundaries to gene flow in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses exist in Vietnam, but that overall there is little division in genetic exchange. This suggests that differences in genetic characteristics of viruses from one region to another are not the result of barriers to H5N1 viral exchange in Vietnam, and that H5N1 avian influenza is able to spread relatively unimpeded across the country.

References

Mar 1, 1990·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·G Barbujani, R R Sokal
Sep 28, 1951·Science·W H WOMBLE
Aug 17, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Leslie A RealSusan Nadin-Davis
Feb 14, 2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·H ChenY Guan
Feb 24, 2006·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Marius GilbertJan Slingenbergh
May 19, 2006·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Aug 8, 2006·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Yukiko MuramotoYoshihiro Kawaoka
Feb 28, 2008·PloS One·Robert G Wallace, Walter M Fitch
Feb 29, 2008·Journal of Virology·Jamie L WasilenkoMary J Pantin-Jackwood
Mar 26, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Marius GilbertJan Slingenbergh
Apr 22, 2008·Nature Genetics·John Novembre, Matthew Stephens
Apr 29, 2008·Lancet·Andrea GambottoYoshihiro Kawaoka
Jan 1, 2008·Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics·David C Wheeler, Lance A Waller
Jan 11, 2011·Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology·Geoffrey M Jacquez

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 22, 2014·Annals of the Association of American Geographers·Margaret Carrel, Michael Emch

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts