PMID: 9450118Feb 5, 1998Paper

Highway crash costs in the United States by driver age, blood alcohol level, victim age, and restraint use

Accident; Analysis and Prevention
T R MillerR S Spicer

Abstract

This paper estimates 1993 U.S. highway crash incidence and costs by driver age, alcohol use, victim age, occupant status, and restraint use. Notable findings are: (1) crash costs of novice drivers are high enough to yield preliminary benefit-cost ratios around 4-8 for a provisional licensing system that restricts driving after midnight and 11 for zero alcohol tolerance for young drivers with violators receiving a 6-month suspension; (2) the costs to people other than the intoxicated driver per mile driven at BACs of 0.08-0.099% exceed the value of driver mobility; (3) the safety costs of drunk driving appear to exceed $5.80 per mile, compared with $2.50 per mile driven at BACs of 0.08-0.099%, and $0.11 per mile driven sober; (4) highway crashes cause an estimated 3.2% of U.S. medical spending, including more than 14% of medical spending for ages 15-24; (5) ignoring crash-involved occupants whose restraint use is unknown, the 13% of occupants who police reported were traveling unrestrained accounted for an estimated 42% of the crash costs; and (6) if these unrestrained occupants buckled up, the medical costs of crashes would decline by an estimated 18% (almost $4 billion annually) and the comprehensive costs by 24%.

References

Aug 1, 1989·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·T R MillerC P Brinkman
Jan 1, 1995·American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research : the Journal of the National Center·B G Miller, J Pylypa
Mar 1, 1995·Journal of Studies on Alcohol·D T Levy, T R Miller
Oct 1, 1994·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·T R Miller, L J Blincoe
Oct 1, 1993·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·W W HunterE A Rodgman
Oct 1, 1993·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·T R Miller
Jan 1, 1993·Neuroreport·E K Miller, R Desimone
Mar 1, 1996·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·J D LangleyD J Begg
Dec 1, 1995·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·T R Miller, M Galbraith
May 1, 1997·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·T MillerR Deering

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Citations

Jul 21, 2010·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Armineh Zohrabian, Tomas J Philipson
Dec 1, 2009·Journal of Safety Research·Wei-Chung LiuMing-Chang Jeng
Nov 9, 2010·Pediatric Annals·Benjamin Hoffman
Oct 19, 2011·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Ted R Miller, Rebecca S Spicer
Mar 25, 2010·Addiction·UNKNOWN Alcohol and Public Policy Group
Jan 1, 2005·American Journal of Preventive Medicine·Eduard ZaloshnjaEduardo Romano
Sep 2, 2008·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·Michael E RakauskasChristopher J Patrick
Feb 24, 2001·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·M A ParadaM Cortes
Jun 19, 2004·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·Eduard Zaloshnja, Ted R Miller
Feb 24, 2015·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·Sijun Shen, David M Neyens
May 2, 2015·Injury Prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention·Eduard ZaloshnjaBruce A Lawrence
Nov 7, 1998·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·T R MillerD C Lestina
Sep 20, 2000·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·H HayakawaB Fischhoff
Mar 17, 2010·Journal of Safety Research·Kristen A ConnerGary A Smith
Jun 29, 2001·Behavior Modification·L Pastò, A G Baker
Jul 18, 2006·Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research·Ted R MillerKenya L C Cox
Oct 10, 2007·Revista de saúde pública·Sérgio Duailibi, Ronaldo Laranjeira
Feb 25, 2005·Revista brasileira de psiquiatria : orgão oficial da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Asociación Psiquiátrica de la América Latina·Ronaldo Laranjeira, Marcos Romano
Nov 30, 2006·Drug and Alcohol Review·Ben Baumberg

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