Hip anatomy and ontogeny of lower limb musculature in three species of nonhuman primates.

Anatomy Research International
Jeremy J BakerTimothy D Smith

Abstract

The hip region is examined to determine what aspects of musculoskeletal anatomy are precociously developed in primate species with highly specialized modes of locomotion. Muscles of the hind limb were removed and weighed in each specimen, and the hip joint of selected specimens was studied in stained serial sections. No perinatal differences among species are evident, but in adults, the hip joint of Galago moholi (a leaping specialist) appears to have proportionally thick articular cartilage (relative to the subchondral plate) compared to two species of cheirogaleids. Muscle mass distribution in the hind limbs confirms previous observations that the quadriceps femoris muscle is especially large in Galago (in percent mass of the entire hind limb), while the hip region is smaller compared to the more quadrupedal cheirogaleids. Across age groups, the species with the least specialized locomotion as adults, Cheirogaleus medius, shows little or no change in proximal to distal percentage distribution of muscle mass. Galago has a larger percentage mass gain in the thigh. We suggest that muscle mass gain to specific limb segments may be a critical milestone for primates with extremely specialized modes of locomotion.

References

Jan 1, 1990·Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology·E S Watts
Mar 1, 1996·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·F Anapol, K Barry
Sep 1, 1996·Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·P Dewire, P A Simkin
May 22, 1998·Journal of Human Evolution·B DemesP Lemelin
May 27, 1999·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·D E Shepherd, B B Seedhom
Dec 22, 1999·Journal of Theoretical Biology·M W Hamrick
Nov 26, 2002·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Christopher B Ruff
Nov 8, 2003·Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology·Joanna Fietz, Kathrin H Dausmann
Nov 8, 2003·Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology·Leanne T Nash
Jul 14, 2005·Journal of Human Evolution·David A Raichlen
Nov 11, 2006·Journal of Human Evolution·M AtzevaT D Smith
Dec 16, 2006·American Journal of Primatology·Melissa S Schaefer, Leanne T Nash
Jan 16, 2007·Osteoarthritis and Cartilage·Y Xia
Jan 1, 1989·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·William R Rice

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 30, 1995·Mechanisms of Ageing and Development·D W Smith
Aug 29, 2012·Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research·Tom HogervorstIngrid Meulenbelt

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
dissection
dissect

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
R W Hart, R B Setlow
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
M Kimura
Genome Génome / Conseil National De Recherches Canada
J L Kirkland
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved