Histopathological distinction of non-invasive and invasive bladder cancers using machine learning approaches

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
Peng-Nien YinFeng Cui

Abstract

One of the most challenging tasks for bladder cancer diagnosis is to histologically differentiate two early stages, non-invasive Ta and superficially invasive T1, the latter of which is associated with a significantly higher risk of disease progression. Indeed, in a considerable number of cases, Ta and T1 tumors look very similar under microscope, making the distinction very difficult even for experienced pathologists. Thus, there is an urgent need for a favoring system based on machine learning (ML) to distinguish between the two stages of bladder cancer. A total of 1177 images of bladder tumor tissues stained by hematoxylin and eosin were collected by pathologists at University of Rochester Medical Center, which included 460 non-invasive (stage Ta) and 717 invasive (stage T1) tumors. Automatic pipelines were developed to extract features for three invasive patterns characteristic to the T1 stage bladder cancer (i.e., desmoplastic reaction, retraction artifact, and abundant pinker cytoplasm), using imaging processing software ImageJ and CellProfiler. Features extracted from the images were analyzed by a suite of machine learning approaches. We extracted nearly 700 features from the Ta and T1 tumor images. Unsupervised clusteri...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
feature extraction
PCA
biopsy

Software Mentioned

CellProfiler
R
Pandas
Numpy
ImageJ
SigmaPlot
Python
MacroJ
Learn
Neupy

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