[Histopathology of urothelial carcinomas: crucial for patient management].

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
K Lindemann-Docter, R Knüchel-Clarke

Abstract

Urothelial carcinomas include tumors with very different clinical outcomes: 70-80% of urothelial carcinomas are genetically stable and are associated with a favorable prognosis, but 20-30% are genetically unstable and have a high progression rate. Therefore, the current World Health Organization classification (2004) differentiates the histologic grade as low grade (LG) or high grade (HG). Unequivocal language is mandatory to optimize therapy and assess prognosis. In addition to TNM classification and histologic grade, genetic factors such as mutations of p53, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PIK(3)CA) are relevant in patients' prognoses.

References

Sep 5, 2002·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Christian HafnerArndt Hartmann
Nov 14, 2002·Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology·Robert StoehrArndt Hartmann
May 16, 2006·The Journal of Urology·Timothy D Jones, Liang Cheng
Dec 13, 2006·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Anirban P MitraRichard J Cote

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Citations

Jul 25, 2008·Der Pathologe·K Lindemann-Docter, R Knüchel
Feb 23, 2011·Der Urologe. Ausg. A·M Burger, F Vom Dorp
Jan 27, 2016·Der Pathologe·R Knüchel-Clarke, N T Gaisa

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