History and current state of immunotherapy in glioma and brain metastasis

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology
Tresa McGranahanSeema Nagpal

Abstract

Malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) and brain metastasis have poor prognosis despite conventional therapies. Successful use of vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors in systemic malignancy has increased the hope that immune therapies could improve survival in patients with brain tumors. Manipulating the immune system to fight malignancy has a long history of both modest breakthroughs and pitfalls that should be considered when applying the current immunotherapy approaches to patients with brain tumors. Therapeutic vaccine trials for GBM date back to the mid 1900s and have taken many forms; from irradiated tumor lysate to cell transfer therapies and peptide vaccines. These therapies were generally well tolerated without significant autoimmune toxicity, however also did not demonstrate significant clinical benefit. In contrast, the newer checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated durable benefit in some metastatic malignancies, accompanied by significant autoimmune toxicity. While this toxicity was not unexpected, it exceeded what was predicted from pre-clinical studies and in many ways was similar to the prior trials of immunostimulants. This review will discuss the history of these studies and demonstrate that the future...Continue Reading

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Jan 18, 2018·Brain Sciences·Mayra PaolilloSergio Schinelli
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy
total resection
xenograft
surgical resection

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02146066
NCT01814813
NCT00905060
NCT02122822
NCT02722512
NCT02209376
NCT02664363
NCT02546102
NCT01903330
NCT02311920

Software Mentioned

Gliovac

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