HIV-1 infection among crack cocaine users in a region far from the epicenter of the HIV epidemic in Brazil: Prevalence and molecular characteristics

PloS One
Divânia Dias da Silva FrançaSheila Araujo Teles

Abstract

Brazil has the largest cocaine market in South America, and crack cocaine use is closely associated with HIV-1 infection. This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and HIV-1 subtypes, including recombinant forms and mutations associated with drug resistance, among crack cocaine users in Central-West Brazil. We recruited 600 crack cocaine users admitted to a referral hospital in Goiânia for psychiatric disorders. The participants were interviewed; blood samples were collected for anti-HIV-1/2 serological screening. HIV-1 pol gene sequences (entire protease [PR] and partial reverse transcriptase [RT]) were obtained from plasma RNA. HIV-1 subtypes, recombinant viruses, transmitted drug resistance (TDR), and secondary drug resistance mutations were investigated. The median participant age was 30 years (range, 18-68 years); most were male, single, unemployed, and of mixed races. Among them, 2.8% (17/600) were HIV-1 positive: 2.2% of men (11/507) and 6.5% of women (6/93). The main predictors of HIV-1 seropositivity were a sexual partner with HIV infection, irregular condom use, and previous homelessness. HIV-1 pol sequences (12/17) indicated the predominance of subtype B (n = 7), followed by recombinant forms FPR/BRT (n =...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 21, 2019·Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS·Anna P Deryabina, Wafaa M El-Sadr
Feb 26, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Tayana Serpa Ortiz TanakaAna Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
PCR
genotyping

Software Mentioned

MEGA
SPSS Statistics
BLAST
Stanford Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutations - SDRM )
SimPlot
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
Calibrated Population Resistance tool (
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis
REGA

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