HIV-1 persistence in the central nervous system: viral and host determinants during antiretroviral therapy

Current Opinion in Virology
E F BalcomChristopher Power

Abstract

Despite remarkable therapeutic advances in the past two decades, the elimination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from latent reservoirs constitutes a major barrier to eradication and preventing neurological disease associated with HIV/AIDS. Invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by HIV-1 occurs early in infection, leading to viral infection and productive persistence in brain macrophage-like cells (BMCs) including resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages. HIV-1 persistence in the brain and chronic neuroinflammation occur despite effective treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review examines the evidence from clinical studies, in vivo and in vitro models for HIV-1 CNS persistence, as well as therapeutic considerations in targeting latent CNS reservoirs.

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Citations

Oct 11, 2020·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·George OkafoEliseo A Eugenin
Oct 14, 2020·Current Opinion in Pharmacology·Sean N AvedissianCourtney V Fletcher
Aug 28, 2021·Journal of Neurovirology·Jacqueline Samantha WomersleySian Megan Joanna Hemmings
Aug 29, 2021·Pathogens·Sonia MorettiAlessandra Borsetti

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