HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
David Ajasin, E A Eugenin

Abstract

HIV Tat protein is a critical protein that plays multiple roles in HIV pathogenesis. While its role as the transactivator of HIV transcription is well-established, other non-viral replication-associated functions have been described in several HIV-comorbidities even in the current antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. HIV Tat protein is produced and released into the extracellular space from cells with active HIV replication or from latently HIV-infected cells into neighboring uninfected cells even in the absence of active HIV replication and viral production due to effective ART. Neighboring uninfected and HIV-infected cells can take up the released Tat resulting in the upregulation of inflammatory genes and activation of pathways that leads to cytotoxicity observed in several comorbidities such as HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), HIV associated cardiovascular impairment, and accelerated aging. Thus, understanding how Tat modulates host and viral response is important in designing novel therapeutic approaches to target the chronic inflammatory effects of soluble viral proteins in HIV infection.

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Citations

Jun 26, 2020·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·Jamie MarinoMichael R Nonnemacher
Jan 21, 2021·Cancers·Maria IsaguliantsJoel M Palefsky
Nov 24, 2020·The Cell Surface·Michael J CohenPeter N Lipke
May 11, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Etheresia Pretorius
Jun 25, 2021·Progress in Lipid Research·Yang ZhaoSylvain G Bourgoin
Aug 15, 2021·Archives of Virology·Barbara EnsoliAurelio Cafaro
Aug 29, 2021·Pathogens·Sonia MorettiAlessandra Borsetti
Aug 29, 2021·Pharmaceuticals·Vitor H PominJason J Paris

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
acetylation
PMA
ubiquitination
confocal microscopy

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