HIV Controllers Have Low Inflammation Associated with a Strong HIV-Specific Immune Response in Blood

Journal of Virology
Hakim HociniYves Lévy

Abstract

HIV controllers (HIC) maintain control of HIV replication without combined antiretroviral treatment (cART). The mechanisms leading to virus control are not fully known. We used gene expression and cellular analyses to compare HIC and HIV-1-infected individuals under cART. In the blood, HIC are characterized by a low inflammation, a downmodulation of natural killer inhibitory cell signaling, and an upregulation of T cell activation gene expression. This balance that persists after stimulation of cells with HIV antigens was consistent with functional analyses showing a bias toward a Th1 and cytotoxic T cell response and a lower production of inflammatory cytokines. Taking advantage of the characterization of HIC based upon their CD8+ T lymphocyte capacity to suppress HIV-infection, we show here that unsupervised analysis of differentially expressed genes fits clearly with this cytotoxic activity, allowing the characterization of a specific signature of HIC. These results reveal significant features of HIC making the bridge between cellular function, gene signatures, and the regulation of inflammation and killing capacity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Moreover, these genetic profiles are consistent through analyses performed from ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 22, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Julien PothlichetJacques Thèze
Mar 21, 2020·Journal of Neurovirology·Naomi SwantaKathleen Borgmann
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Dec 30, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Francesca CaccuriArnaldo Caruso
Jan 13, 2021·Current HIV Research·Claudio UcciferriJacopo Vecchiet

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