HIV epidemic in Estonia in the third decade of the AIDS era

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Kristi Rüütel, Anneli Uusküla

Abstract

This article describes current trends of HIV/AIDS and related conditions in Estonia, with the aim of highlighting key determinants in transmission dynamics and risk groups, problems and barriers of combating HIV/AIDS, and possible implications for prevention and control. Throughout the transition period Estonia has experienced major changes in political, economic, and social structure which all have contributed to increased violence, high-risk sexual behaviour, and substance abuse. Incidences of hepatitis B, C and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increased in the early 1990s. HIV outbreaks were first detected among injecting drug users (IDUs) in 2000 and are still concentrated among this population group. High rates of sexual risk behaviour and inadequate knowledge regarding prevention of disease transmission in Estonia emphasizes the threat of a sex-related and STI facilitated driven HIV epidemic. To prevent further spread of HIV it is necessary to implement harm reduction interventions among IDUs. However, without effective management of socioeconomic and administrative barriers to health care and other services, an explicit policy on drugs will not reach marginalized groups and will not be able to prevent a further spr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 15, 2010·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Kaja-Triin LaisaarAnneli Uusküla
Dec 7, 2013·Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin·D HedrichM Van de Laar
Jul 15, 2015·Infectious Diseases·Pilleriin SoodlaIrja Lutsar
Jul 18, 2009·Journal of the International AIDS Society·Kristi RüütelAnneli Uusküla
Sep 9, 2010·Scandinavian Journal of Public Health·R David Parker, Kristi Rüütel
Apr 26, 2007·AIDS·Giedrius LikataviciusAnthony Nardone
Sep 13, 2012·AIDS and Behavior·Ivdity ChikovaniGeorge Gotsadze
Aug 13, 2011·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI·Maria Zilma Andrade RodriguesRoberto Badaro
Aug 2, 2017·HIV Medicine·P SoodlaUNKNOWN Concerted Action on SeroConversion to AIDS and Death in Europe (CASCADE) Collaboration in EuroCoord
Oct 27, 2011·Central European Journal of Public Health·Magdalena Rosińska, Andrzej Zieliński

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