HIV Infection and Neurocognitive Disorders in the Context of Chronic Drug Abuse: Evidence for Divergent Findings Dependent upon Prior Drug History.

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology
Jessica M IllenbergerR M Booze

Abstract

The fronto-striatal circuitry, involving the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, and prefrontal cortex, mediates goal-directed behavior and is targeted by both drugs of abuse and HIV-1 infection. Acutely, both drugs and HIV-1 provoke increased dopamine activity within the circuit. However, chronic exposure to drugs or HIV-1 leads to dysregulation of the dopamine system as a result of fronto-striatal adaptations to oppose the effects of repeated instances of transiently increased dopamine. Specifically, chronic drug use leads to reduced dopaminergic tone, upregulation of dopamine transporters, and altered circuit connectivity, sending users into an allosteric state in which goal-directed behaviors are dysregulated (i.e., addiction). Similarly, chronic exposure to HIV-1, even with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), dysregulates dopamine and dopamine transporter function and alters connectivity of the fronto-striatal circuit, contributing to apathy and clinical symptoms of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Thus, in a drug user also exposed to HIV-1, dysregulation of the fronto-striatal dopamine circuit advances at an exacerbated rate and appears to be driven by mechanisms unique from those seen with ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 21, 2020·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Yu LinLinda Chang
Feb 16, 2021·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Elena IrolloOlimpia Meucci
May 19, 2021·Journal of Neurovirology·Adam R DentonRosemarie M Booze
Jun 6, 2021·Scientific Reports·Kristen A McLaurinRosemarie M Booze

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
confocal microscopy

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