HIV Latency and the noncoding RNA therapeutic landscape

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Sheena SaaymanMarc S Weinberg

Abstract

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) belongs to the subfamily of lentiviruses that are characterized by long incubation periods and chronic, persistent infection. The virus integrates into the genome of infected CD4+ cells and, in a subpopulation of cells, adopts a transcriptionally silent state, a process referred to a viral latency. This property makes it exceedingly difficult to therapeutically target the virus and eradicate infection. If left untreated, the inexorable demise of the infected individual's immune system ensues, a causal result of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Latently infected cells provide a reservoir that maintains viral infection indefinitely. In this chapter we explore the role of noncoding RNAs in HIV infection and in the establishment and maintenance of viral latency. Both short and long noncoding RNAs are endogenous modulators of epigenetic regulation in human cells and play an active role in gene expression. Lastly, we explore therapeutic modalities based on expressed RNAs that are capable of countering infection, transcriptionally regulating the virus, and suppressing or activating the latent state.

Citations

May 14, 2016·Cell Host & Microbe·Paul M Lieberman
Jan 12, 2017·Trends in Immunology·Gilles DarcisCarine Van Lint
Jun 4, 2016·Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS·Gilles DarcisCarine Van Lint
Mar 30, 2020·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Antón Vila-SanjurjoMariana Leguia

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