HIV-specific effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes and HIV-producing cells colocalize in white pulps and germinal centers from infected patients.

Blood
A HosmalinR Cheynier

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by the massive infiltration of secondary lymphoid organs with activated CD8(+) T lymphocytes. While converging data indicated that these cells were HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) responsible for HIV spread limitation, direct evidence was lacking. Here, the presence of HIV-specific effector CTLs was demonstrated directly ex vivo in 15 of 24 microdissected splenic white pulps from an untreated patient and in 1 of 24 tonsil germinal centers from a second patient with incomplete viral suppression following bitherapy. These patients had plasma HIV RNA loads of 5900 and 820 copies per milliliter. The frequencies of HIV-1 DNA(+) cells in their lymphoid organs were more than 1 in 50 and 1 in 175, respectively. Spliced viral messenger RNA (a marker for ongoing viral replication) was present in most immunocompetent structures tested. Conversely, CTL activity was not found in spleens from 2 patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy, with undetectable plasma viral load. These patients had much lower spleen DNA(+) cell frequencies (1 in 2700 and 1 in 3800) and no white pulps containing spliced RNA. CTL effector activity as well as spliced viral messenger RN...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1991·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·C H FoxA S Fauci
Jul 1, 1990·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·D EmilieP Galanaud
Nov 14, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J K WongD D Richman
Jun 25, 1998·Science·N L Letvin
Dec 22, 1998·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·A J ZajacR Ahmed
Jan 12, 1999·Nature Medicine·S J BrodieS R Riddell
Apr 29, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Z Q ZhangA T Haase
Dec 20, 2000·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S GrattonS Wain-Hobson

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 10, 2003·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Vivek ChitnisSavita Pahwa
Jun 21, 2007·Nature Immunology·David W O'Neill, Nina Bhardwaj
May 11, 2012·PloS One·Rodolphe Suspène, Andreas Meyerhans
Nov 1, 2001·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·P BlancouR Cheynier
Oct 31, 2001·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·A M Dyrhol-RiiseB Asjö
Oct 6, 2016·PLoS Biology·Katrina A LythgoeChristophe Fraser
Jan 20, 2017·Science Translational Medicine·Constantinos PetrovasRichard A Koup
Apr 18, 2018·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Sara Ferrando-MartinezRichard A Koup
Nov 22, 2005·The Journal of General Virology·Marie-Jeanne DumaurierRémi Cheynier
May 22, 2007·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Elizabeth ConnickPamela J Skinner
Nov 1, 2017·Frontiers in Immunology·Federico Perdomo-CelisMaría Teresa Rugeles

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.