HLA Expression in Uveal Melanoma: An Indicator of Malignancy and a Modifiable Immunological Target

Cancers
Zahra SouriMartine J Jager

Abstract

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, and gives rise to metastases in 50% of cases. The presence of an inflammatory phenotype is a well-known risk factor for the development of metastases. This inflammatory phenotype is characterized by the presence of high numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages, and a high expression of the HLA Class I and II antigens. An abnormal expression of HLA Class I may influence cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) as well as Natural Killer (NK) cell responses. We provide a comprehensive review regarding the inflammatory phenotype in UM and the expression of locus- and allele-specific HLA Class I and of Class II antigens in primary UM and its metastases. Furthermore, we describe the known regulators and the role of genetics (especially chromosome 3 and BRCA-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1 status)), and, last but not least, the effect of putative therapeutic treatments on HLA expression.

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Citations

Dec 15, 2019·Cancers·Ulrich Pfeffer
Apr 11, 2020·Nature Reviews. Disease Primers·Martine J JagerBertil E Damato
Jan 23, 2021·International Ophthalmology·Xinyi XieYong Yao
Dec 16, 2020·Cancers·Zahra SouriMartine J Jager
Apr 15, 2021·Progress in Retinal and Eye Research·Thomas StrubCorine Bertolotto

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
xenograft
immunoprecipitation
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
FACS
PCR

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