Abstract
Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH) is a poorly understood autoimmune disorder of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include headache, pituitary dysfunction, visual disturbances, and neurological deficits. The diagnosis can be made based on clinical and biochemical findings, but for atypical presentations, no circulatory diagnostic biomarkers exist, and a pituitary biopsy is necessary for diagnosis. We used high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) screening assays to investigate a relationship between specific HLA markers and LH. This was a retrospective analysis. The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center. Fifteen patients with sporadic LH, 4 patients with melanoma who developed hypophysitis after administration of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) antibodies, and 1 patient with sarcoid-associated hypophysitis were evaluated. Clinical data, including endocrine function, were assessed, and HLA typing was performed in all 20 patients with hypophysitis, 50 control patients with other sellar abnormalities, and 4 CTLA4 antibody-treated patients without hypophysitis. Two major histocompatibility class II HLA markers, DQ8 and DR53, were found in 13 of 15 (87%) and 12 of 15 (80.0%) patients with sporadic LH, respectively. ...Continue Reading
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