Abstract
Limited, and underutilized, therapeutic options for acute stroke require new approaches to treatment. One such potential approach involves better understanding of innate immune response to brain injury such as acute focal cerebral ischemia. This includes understanding the temporal profile, and specificity, of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in brain cell types, such as astrocytes, following focal cerebral ischemia. This study evaluated TLR4 signaling, and downstream mediators, in astrocytes, during acute and chronic phases post transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We also determined whether high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an endogenous TLR4 ligand, was sufficient to induce TLR4 signaling activation in astrocytes in vivo and in vitro. We injected HMGB1 into normal cortex, in vivo, and stimulated cultured astrocytes with HMGB1, in vitro, and determined TLR4, and downstream mediator, expression by immunohistochemistry. We found that expression of TLR4, and downstream mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), occurs in penumbral astrocytes in acute and chronic phases after focal cerebral ischemia, but was undetectable in cortical astrocytes in the contralateral hemisphere. In addition, cortic...Continue Reading
References
Mar 29, 2005·The American Journal of Pathology·Claudia SchlueterJörn Bullerdiek
Mar 21, 2007·Circulation·Javier R CasoIgnacio Lizasoain
Apr 4, 2007·Journal of Neurochemistry·Kristina A KigerlPhillip G Popovich
Jun 6, 2007·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Gina ZieglerGeorge Trendelenburg
Aug 2, 2007·Journal of Neurochemistry·G FaracoA Chiarugi
Aug 19, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Sung-Chun TangMark P Mattson
Nov 15, 2007·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Jianhua QiuMichael A Moskowitz
Nov 22, 2008·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·J Marc SimardVolodymyr Gerzanich
Mar 30, 2010·Nature Medicine·Mattia MarosoAnnamaria Vezzani
Jul 31, 2010·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Jianhua QiuJohn R Sims
Oct 20, 2010·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Kazuhide HayakawaEng H Lo
Dec 3, 2010·Glia·Roser GorinaAnna M Planas
Jan 21, 2011·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Hui-Ming GaoJau-Shyong Hong
Mar 8, 2011·Brain Research·Bolanle M FamakinJohn M Hallenbeck
Apr 9, 2011·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Jiyong ZhangMasahiro Nishibori
Jun 4, 2011·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Opeolu AdeoyeDawn Kleindorfer
Jul 9, 2011·Nature Medicine·Costantino Iadecola, Josef Anrather
Oct 11, 2011·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Yan-Chun WangQing-Wu Yang
Apr 25, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Kazuhide HayakawaEng H Lo
Mar 9, 2013·CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets·Takakuni MakiKen Arai
Jun 28, 2014·International Journal of Molecular Medicine·Man LiYuan Li
Jul 27, 2014·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Ana MoragaIgnacio Lizasoain
Jan 15, 2015·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Fang HuaDonald G Stein
Aug 13, 2015·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Steven C Cramer
Dec 22, 2015·Neuron·Ye ZhangBen A Barres
Jan 27, 2016·Circulation·UNKNOWN Writing Group MembersUNKNOWN Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
Jun 10, 2016·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Jamie S ChurchDana M McTigue
Oct 30, 2016·Experimental Neurobiology·Jong Youl KimJong Eun Lee
Dec 7, 2016·The Journal of Cell Biology·Yi ShenYu-Dong Zhou
Jan 19, 2017·Nature·Shane A LiddelowBen A Barres
May 27, 2017·Molecular Neurobiology·Gerardo RosciszewskiAlberto Javier Ramos
Jun 2, 2018·Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders·Eileen GülkeTim Magnus
Jun 18, 2018·Molecular Neurobiology·Yasir AbdulAdviye Ergul
Aug 2, 2019·Neurochemistry International·Dmitry V ChistyakovGeorg Reiser
Citations
Apr 20, 2020·Molecular Neurobiology·Bolanle M Famakin, R Vemuganti
Nov 3, 2020·BioFactors·Nuttapong YawootJiraporn Tocharus
Nov 21, 2020·Scientific Reports·Mohammed A SayedSusan C Fagan
Oct 12, 2020·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Lun LiStella Elkabes
May 21, 2021·Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry·Wei Feng
Jul 3, 2021·Pharmaceuticals·Verena PeekChristoph Rummel