Hollow Silicon Nanostructures via the Kirkendall Effect

Nano Letters
Yoonkook SonJaephil Cho

Abstract

The Kirkendall effect is a simple, novel phenomenon that may be applied for the synthesis of hollow nanostructures with designed pore structures and chemical composition. We demonstrate the use of the Kirkendall effect for silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) nanowires (NWs) and nanoparticles (NPs) via introduction of nanoscale surface layers of SiO2 and GeO2, respectively. Depending on the reaction time, Si and Ge atoms gradually diffuse outward through the oxide layers, with pore formation in the nanostructural cores. Through the Kirkendall effect, NWs and NPs were transformed into nanotubes (NTs) and hollow NPs, respectively. The mechanism of the Kirkendall effect was studied via quantum molecular dynamics calculations. The hollow products demonstrated better electrochemical performance than their solid counterparts because the pores developed in the nanostructures resulted in lower external pressures during lithiation.

References

May 1, 2004·Science·Yadong YinA Paul Alivisatos
May 1, 2007·Angewandte Chemie·Sheng Peng, Shouheng Sun
Sep 15, 2009·Nano Letters·Mi-Hee ParkJaephil Cho
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Citations

May 10, 2016·Chemical Reviews·Xiaojing WangYadong Yin
May 10, 2017·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·John B CookSarah H Tolbert
Dec 23, 2016·Chemistry : a European Journal·Xiang MengHiroshi Itahara
Jul 12, 2017·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Jiangqi ZhaoYulin Deng
Nov 3, 2017·Nature Communications·He TianouYadong Yin

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