PMID: 3770267Jan 1, 1986Paper

Holothurian survival strategies: mechanisms for the maintenance of a bacteriostatic environment in the coelomic cavity of the sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
L Dybas, P V Fankboner

Abstract

The antibacterial responses of the coelomocytes and coelomic fluid of Parastichopus californicus to nine different species of marine bacteria were observed in vivo and in vitro. Five of the nine species of bacteria were cultured from P. californicus gut contents. Strong responses were directed against the bacterial species from the gut. Most bacteria agglutinated in coelomic fluid. Coelomocytes phagocytized and/or encapsulated the bacteria and showed a positive reaction for the lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase. Cell-free coelomic fluid exhibited less bactericidal activity against all of the marine species of bacteria than did complete coelomic fluid. Brown bodies, formed by coelomocytes surrounding foreign material, accumulated in the posterior region of the animal around the cloacal suspensors; these eventually were eliminated through a ringlet of ducts connecting the coelomic cavity with the external environment. Whole coelomic fluid inactivated endotoxin in vitro, but endotoxin did not initiate any detectable changes in the coelomocytes or coelomic fluid. Strong antibacterial response to the gut-associated bacterial species may well be essential to the survival of these animals, since during their seasonal visceral atrophy...Continue Reading

References

Jul 1, 1978·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·R NachumS W Watson
Sep 1, 1977·Canadian Journal of Zoology·A R Fontaine, P Lambert
Jan 1, 1975·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·K R Harris
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Jan 1, 1974·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·K B Von Eschen, J A Rudbach

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Citations

May 1, 1993·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·B Płytycz, R Seljelid
May 1, 1995·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·L C SmithE H Davidson
Oct 20, 2007·BMC Developmental Biology·José E San Miguel-Ruiz, José E García-Arrarás
Nov 1, 1989·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·G D'AnconaC Canicattí
Oct 25, 2006·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·José E García-ArrarásAnn Ginette Candelaria
Jul 30, 1999·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·P S GrossL C Smith
Nov 6, 2009·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Julie GhoshL Courtney Smith

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