Hominoid arcade shape: Pattern and magnitude of covariation

Journal of Human Evolution
Stefanie StelzerFred Spoor

Abstract

The shape of the dental arcade and canine size distinguish extant humans from all apes. Humans are characterized by a parabolic arcade with short postcanine tooth rows and small canines, whereas apes have long, U-shaped arcades with large canines. The evolutionary and biomechanical mechanisms underlying arcade shape differences between and within groups are not well understood. It is unclear, for example, whether evolutionary changes in the covariation among modules comprising the upper and lower jaws are the cause and/or consequence of different arcade shapes. Here we use 3D geometric morphometric methods to explore to what extent the morphological differences in arcade shape between living hominoids are related to differences in covariation of upper and lower jaws, and the premaxilla and the maxilla. We show that all extant hominoids follow a very similar covariation pattern between upper and lower dental arcades, as well as between the premaxilla and the maxilla. We find comparably high magnitudes of covariation between the premaxilla and the maxilla in all groups. Between the upper and lower jaws, levels of covariation are similar in apes (Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, and Hylobates), but overall lower in extant humans. Our results ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 24, 2018·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Stefanie StelzerPhilipp Gunz
May 11, 2018·Scientific Reports·P RaiaG Manzi
Jul 31, 2018·Journal of Human Evolution·James D PampushLucas K Delezene
Mar 19, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Sonja BuvinicViviana Toro-Ibacache
May 1, 2018·Journal of Human Evolution·Simon NeubauerFred Spoor
Apr 11, 2021·Journal of Human Evolution·Julie Lawrence, William H Kimbel

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