PMID: 9180654May 1, 1997Paper

Hormone replacement therapy and major risk factors for reproductive cancers, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases: evidence of confounding by exposure characteristics

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
I PerssonJ Yuen

Abstract

Observational studies have yielded reports on long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for cardiovascular, osteoporosis-related, and cancer diseases. There is concern that risk estimates may be confounded by complex mechanisms of selection with regard to important risk determinants. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that baseline characteristics of women vary with exposure characteristics, i.e., the choices of complying with prescriptions, using different compounds and regimens, and continuing intake long-term. We analyzed the prevalence of relevant risk factors and their relationships to characteristics of exposure among 11,211 Swedish women who had received prescription for HRT. Associations were studied through logistic regression, with comparisons of women with ever-use versus non-compliance, long-term (73+ months) versus short-term use (1-72 months), intake of conjugated estrogens versus estradiol compounds, and intake of estrogens only versus estrogens combined with progestins, respectively. We found that women denying intake of using HRT short-term had higher parity, earlier age at first birth and a lower prevalence of hysterectomy or oophorectomy than those complying or exposed long-term. A high leve...Continue Reading

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Mar 17, 1999·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·E Pukkala, E Weiderpass
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