Hospital-acquired pneumonia: overview of the current state of the art for prevention and control

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
R P Wenzel

Abstract

Hospital-acquired pneumonia affects at least 250,000 patients in U.S. acute care institutions each year and is associated with a crude mortality of approximately 30%. Cases occur at a rate of 0.5-1 per 100 admissions, constituting 10-15% of all nosocomial infections and directly accounting for approximately one-third (10%) of the total mortality. It is likely, therefore, that nosocomial pneumonia represents an important cause of death. No recent large-scale study has systematically examined the true bacterial etiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia utilizing reliable techniques that bypass the oral flora. In the absence of such data, the current approach to therapy based on the examination of sputum is not optimal. Studies that focus on pathogenesis point to the stomach as an important reservoir of infecting organisms. Recent studies suggest that rates of pneumonia can be reduced either by selective decontamination of the digestive tract with antibiotic prophylaxis or by utilizing stress ulcer prophylaxis, which maintains normally low gastric pH. It seems that the time is propitious to examine prehospital determinants of nosocomial infection, with the goal of further preventing these life-threatening events in the hospital.

References

Apr 1, 1979·Annals of Internal Medicine·M L CohenJ R Allen
Nov 1, 1979·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·J FreemanJ E McGowan
Jun 1, 1987·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·K LehtomäkiL A Laitinen
Jul 1, 1987·Reviews of Infectious Diseases·R A Proctor
Mar 1, 1988·International Journal of Epidemiology·R P Wenzel
May 1, 1986·Archives of Internal Medicine·J G BartlettS L Gorbach
Oct 1, 1986·Critical Care Medicine·W BaigelmanM J Berenberg
Apr 1, 1987·European Journal of Clinical Microbiology·F Daschner
Apr 1, 1987·European Journal of Clinical Microbiology·I Kappstein, I Engels
Feb 1, 1985·American Journal of Epidemiology·R W HaleyT G Emori
Mar 1, 1983·Reviews of Infectious Diseases·R D Meyer
Jan 1, 1983·Scandinavian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery·H SairanenS Eerola
Nov 1, 1983·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·R A ProctorD F Mosher
Jun 1, 1981·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·D E WoodsJ A Bass
Jul 1, 1981·Reviews of Infectious Diseases·R P WenzelG B Miller
Jul 1, 1982·Critical Care Medicine·K M HillmanS Tabaqchali
Mar 1, 1981·The American Journal of Medicine·R A GaribaldiN L Pace
Feb 1, 1980·The American Journal of Medicine·P A GrossN Aswapokee

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 1, 1990·Intensive Care Medicine·A M Emmerson
May 4, 2011·Current Gastroenterology Reports·Jinesh P MehtaMihir Kishorchandra Patel
Nov 1, 1993·International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents·H Giamarellou
Jun 23, 1998·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology·G KampfF Daschner
Jun 1, 1993·Epidemiology and Infection·G DöringC Wolz
Nov 1, 2000·Critical Care Medicine·J C PatelJ J Tepas
Jul 1, 1992·Special Care in Dentistry : Official Publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry·G Gibson, E Barrett
May 1, 1993·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·D H Hamer, M Barza
Oct 1, 1996·Journal of Periodontology·F A Scannapieco, J M Mylotte
Aug 27, 2005·Archives of Environmental Health·Marjeta Tercelj-ZormanFranc Strle
Aug 2, 2003·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Bernard La ScolaDidier Raoult
Nov 1, 1996·Intensive Care Medicine·A KropecF Daschner
Nov 1, 1996·Intensive Care Medicine·D Pittet
Jan 1, 1992·Intensive Care Medicine·D E CravenR A Duncan
Aug 1, 1995·Chest·E Bergogne-Bérézin
Apr 2, 2009·Paediatric Anaesthesia·Urban Flaring, Yigael Finkel
Sep 7, 2005·Clinical Nutrition : Official Journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Abdul Jabbar, Stephen A McClave
Feb 24, 2001·The Medical Clinics of North America·B A Cunha
Dec 1, 1994·American Journal of Infection Control·D K Gauthier, M Long
Aug 10, 1999·Journal of Periodontology·F A Scannapieco
Aug 21, 2002·Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology : the Official Journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America·Bernard La ScolaDidier Raoult
Oct 1, 1995·The Journal of Hospital Infection·R P Wenzel
Mar 10, 2001·AACN Clinical Issues·J R HarrisK L Soeken
Apr 5, 2005·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·Thomas A RussoPaul R Knight
Mar 1, 1993·Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology : the Official Journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America·D L George
Mar 8, 2007·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·Thomas A RussoRobert H Notter
Aug 10, 2002·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·Thomas A RussoBruce A Holm
Jan 7, 2004·Critical Care Medicine·Christianne A van NieuwenhovenMarc J M Bonten
Feb 1, 1996·Critical Care Medicine·T Ben-MenachemR S Bresalier
Oct 1, 1996·Journal of Periodontology·Frank A Scannapieco, Joseph M Mylotte
Jun 7, 1995·Journal of Intensive Care Medicine·A C CechG W Crooks
Jan 1, 1993·Drug Investigation·Ronald F Grossman
Sep 16, 1991·The American Journal of Medicine·D E CravenT W Barber
Oct 30, 2001·The Medical Clinics of North America·J T Cross, G D Campbell
Oct 21, 1998·Infectious Disease Clinics of North America·R McEachern, G D Campbell

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Bacterial Pneumonia

Bacterial pneumonia is a prevalent and costly infection that is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients of all ages. Here is the latest research.

Bacterial Pneumonia (ASM)

Bacterial pneumonia is a prevalent and costly infection that is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients of all ages. Here is the latest research.

© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved