Hospital hypoglycemia: not only treatment but also prevention.

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Susan S BraithwaiteHetal P Mehrotra

Abstract

To propose a strategy, applicable on general hospital wards, for prevention of hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. Although the mortality rate among hospitalized patients with hypoglycemia has been shown to be 22.2 to 27% in series that included patients with diabetes, some investigators have shown that hypoglycemia is not an independent predictor of mortality. Outside the critical care setting, the comparative risks of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and the relationship of hospital hypoglycemia to intensification of glycemic control have not been determined. The reported incidence of hospital hypoglycemia ranges from 1.2% for hospitalized adults to 20% for nonpregnant patients with diabetes admitted without a metabolic emergency. Among patients receiving antihyperglycemic therapy, the literature describes precipitating events--usually a sudden change of caloric exposure-- and predisposing conditions for hypoglycemic episodes. Hospital hypoglycemia is predictable, and it is preventable by measures other than undertreatment of hyperglycemia. Physician orders for antihyperglycemic therapy should be written and, if necessary, be revised so as to respond to the presence of predisposing conditions for hypoglycemia. A ward-based p...Continue Reading

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