Host Immunological Factors Enhancing Mortality of Young Adults during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic

Frontiers in Immunology
Julie L McAuleyG Dennis Shanks

Abstract

During the 1918 influenza pandemic, healthy young adults unusually succumbed to infection and were considered more vulnerable than young children and the elderly. The pathogenesis of this pandemic in the young adult population remains poorly understood. As this population is normally the least likely to die during seasonal influenza outbreaks, thought to be due to their appropriate pre-existing and robust immune responses protecting them from infection, we sought to review existing literature for immunological reasons for excessive mortality during the 1918 pandemic. We propose the novelty of the H1N1 pandemic virus to an H1N1 naïve immune system, the virulence of this virus, and dysfunctional host inflammatory and immunological responses, shaped by past influenza infections could have each contributed to their overall susceptibility. Additionally, in the young adult population, pre-exposure to past influenza infection of different subtypes, such as a H3N8 virus, during their infancy in 1889-1892, may have shaped immunological responses and enhanced vulnerability via humoral immunity effects with cross-reactive or non-neutralizing antibodies; excessive and/or ineffective cellular immunity from memory T lymphocytes; and innate d...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 5, 2015·Frontiers in Immunology·Arun Kumar, Shakti Singh
Jun 2, 2015·Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease·G Dennis Shanks
Jul 16, 2016·Pathogens·Tai XieGregory C Gray
Jan 13, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Luciana P TavaresMauro M Teixeira
Oct 6, 2018·The Open Virology Journal·Balvinder KumarB N Tripathi
Jun 5, 2020·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Judy ChenDaniel R Goldstein
Nov 27, 2018·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Andréa Aparecida Santos MendonçaRômulo Dias Novaes

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