Hot flush severity during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: beyond hormones

Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society
E S Mitchell, N F Woods

Abstract

Understanding factors promoting symptom severity is essential to developing innovative symptom management models. To investigate hot flush severity during the menopausal transition (MT) and early postmenopause and effects of age, MT stages, age of onset of late stage and final menstrual period (FMP), estrogen, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), cortisol, anxiety, perceived stress, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use and exercise. A subset of participants in the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study (n = 291 with up to 6973 observations) provided data during the late reproductive, early and late MT stages and early postmenopause, including menstrual calendars, annual health questionnaires, and symptom diaries and urine specimens assayed for hormones several times per year. Multilevel modeling with an R program was used to test models accounting for hot flush severity. Hot flush severity persisted through the MT stages and peaked during the late MT stage, diminishing after the second year postmenopause. In individual analyses, hot flush severity was associated with being older, being in the late MT stage or early postmenopause, beginning the late MT stage at a younger age and reporting greater anxiety. In a model including only...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 10, 2016·Maturitas·Amanda GriffithsMargaret Rees
Apr 15, 2017·International Journal of STD & AIDS·Patricia A AgabaPhyllis J Kanki
Jan 31, 2018·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Nini G L CallanNancy F Woods
Jan 8, 2019·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·F KongH Zang
Jan 25, 2020·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·C CostanianH Tamim
Dec 12, 2018·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Lisa Jean Taylor-SwansonNancy Fugate Woods
Jan 18, 2019·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·R SoodS S Faubion
Jan 21, 2021·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Nancy Fugate WoodsMarcie K Richardson
Apr 28, 2021·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Wei ZhaoSioban D Harlow
Jul 28, 2021·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Nina CoslovNancy Fugate Woods

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