Hotspot mutations and ColE1 plasmids contribute to the fitness of Salmonella Heidelberg in poultry litter

PloS One
Adelumola OladeindeCarolina Hall

Abstract

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is a clinically-important serovar linked to food-borne illness, and commonly isolated from poultry. Investigations of a large, multistate outbreak in the USA in 2013 identified poultry litter (PL) as an important extra-intestinal environment that may have selected for specific S. Heidelberg strains. Poultry litter is a mixture of bedding materials and chicken excreta that contains chicken gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria, undigested feed, feathers, and other materials of chicken origin. In this study, we performed a series of controlled laboratory experiments which assessed the microevolution of two S. Heidelberg strains (SH-2813 and SH-116) in PL previously used to raise 3 flocks of broiler chickens. The strains are closely related at the chromosome level, differing from the reference genome by 109 and 89 single nucleotide polymorphisms/InDels, respectively. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 86 isolates recovered after 0, 1, 7 and 14 days of microevolution in PL. Only strains carrying an IncX1 (37kb), 2 ColE1 (4 and 6kb) and 1 ColpVC (2kb) plasmids survived more than 7 days in PL. Competition experiments showed that carriage of these plasmids was assoc...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 17, 2020·Scientific Reports·Katherine E FrenchNorman Terry
Oct 6, 2020·Journal of Environmental Quality·Maite Ghazaleh BucherKaramat R Sistani
Jun 15, 2021·EcoSal Plus·Eric W BrownMarc W Allard
May 18, 2021·Journal of Environmental Quality·Jasmine JohnsonSamuel E Aggrey

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
CP016573
AAR18814.1
SCC93141.1
PRJNA417775

Methods Mentioned

BETA
gel
PCR
PCA
whole genome shotgun

Software Mentioned

vcftools
SPAdes FASTG
SPAdes
RAxML
Prokka
ProgressiveMAUVE
jModelTest
MUSCLE
Snapgene
Quality Assessment Tool for Genome Assemblies ( QUAST )

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