Household water treatment in developing countries: comparing different intervention types using meta-regression

Environmental Science & Technology
Paul R Hunter

Abstract

Household water treatment (HWT) is being widely promoted as an appropriate intervention for reducing the burden of waterborne disease in poor communities in developing countries. A recent study has raised concerns about the effectiveness of HWT, in part because of concerns over the lack of blinding and in part because of considerable heterogeneity in the reported effectiveness of randomized controlled trials. This study set out to attempt to investigate the causes of this heterogeneity and so identify factors associated with good health gains. Studies identified in an earlier systematic review and meta-analysis were supplemented with more recently published randomized controlled trials. A total of 28 separate studies of randomized controlled trials of HWT with 39 intervention arms were included in the analysis. Heterogeneity was studied using the "metareg" command in Stata. Initial analyses with single candidate predictors were undertaken and all variables significant at the P < 0.2 level were included in a final regression model. Further analyses were done to estimate the effect of the interventions over time by MonteCarlo modeling using @Risk and the parameter estimates from the final regression model. The overall effect size...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 10, 2011·Environmental Science & Technology·Rebecca PsutkaThomas Clasen
Dec 24, 2011·Environmental Science & Technology·Benjamin MichenThomas Graule
Feb 4, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Jonathan Dean, Paul R Hunter
Nov 29, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Jonathan E MellorRebecca A Dillingham
Mar 19, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·Dianjun Ren, James A Smith
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Sep 19, 2012·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Eric HarshfieldClair Null
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