How can antiepileptic drugs affect bone mass, structure and metabolism? Lessons from animal studies

Seizure : the Journal of the British Epilepsy Association
Lise Sofie H Nissen-MeyerRune Jemtland

Abstract

Patients with epilepsy, treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are at increased risk of fractures. Although several commonly used AEDs reduce bone mass in patients, the mechanisms are only scarcely known. In this review, we focus on the usefulness of animal models to explore the skeletal effects of AEDs. Moreover, we report our findings from a recent study comparing the effect of levetiracetam (LEV), phenytoin (PHT) and valproate (VPA) on various aspects of bone health in actively growing female rats. Our data indicate that these AEDs act differently on bone mass, structure and metabolism. A novel finding is that LEV reduces bone strength and bone formation without altering bone mass. Based on these results we propose that epidemiological fracture studies of patients treated with LEV are needed, and that these patients should be evaluated regularly to identify possible bone-related side effects.

References

Aug 1, 1995·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·K H LauD J Baylink
Jan 1, 1995·Calcified Tissue International·T OhtaK H Lau
Aug 30, 2000·Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation·M J JayoC S Johnson
Sep 22, 2001·The American Journal of Medicine·J I IsojärviJ S Tapanainen
Oct 31, 2001·Calcified Tissue International·K OnoderaH Shinoda
Mar 22, 2002·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·C H Turner
May 5, 2004·Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B·Alison M Pack, Martha J Morrell
Jul 22, 2004·Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health·N OnerF Tütüncüler
Sep 1, 2004·Expert Opinion on Drug Safety·Deborah E Briggs, Jacqueline A French
Jan 26, 2005·Annals of Neurology·Alison M PackElizabeth Shane
Jan 27, 2005·Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology·A TakahashiK Onodera
Apr 28, 2005·Contraception·Makarios I EleftheriadesGeorge C Creatsas
Nov 19, 2005·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Tania M Schroeder, Jennifer J Westendorf
Dec 3, 2005·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Lawrence G Raisz
Dec 25, 2007·Seizure : the Journal of the British Epilepsy Association·Sigrid SvalheimErik Ropstad
Jan 12, 2008·Seizure : the Journal of the British Epilepsy Association·Alison Pack

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 1, 2010·Continuum : Lifelong Learning in Neurology·Katherine H Noe, Alison M Pack
May 14, 2014·Expert Opinion on Drug Safety·Barbara MiziakStanisław J Czuczwar
Jan 23, 2016·Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience : the Official Scientific Journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Duygu AksoyBaki Arpacı
Feb 27, 2010·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Sebnem Garip, Feride Severcan
Dec 15, 2010·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·H Stefan

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.