How disturbed visual processing early in life leads to disorders of gaze-holding and smooth pursuit

Progress in Brain Research
Michael J MustariKatia C Vitorello

Abstract

When synergistic interactions between visual and oculomotor systems are impaired early in life, strabismus, gaze instability, smooth pursuit asymmetry, and loss of visual function are likely to occur. These disorders are relatively common, permanent, and difficult to treat. We have developed effective animal models for infantile strabismus by raising infant monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with restricted binocular visual experience. We have found that the specific oculomotor disorders that occur with early onset strabismus depend on the type of early visual experience. Our approach allows us to examine the neural substrate associated with different components of infantile strabismus including latent nystagmus (LN) and smooth pursuit asymmetry. For example, we have found LN is most associated with loss of binocular visual sensitivity normally present in neurons of pretectal nucleus of the optic tract (NOT). In contrast, nasalward bias in smooth pursuit of strabismic monkeys could be associated with loss of binocular visual and eye movement sensitivity of neurons in medial superior temporal (MST) area.

Citations

Nov 10, 2013·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Fatema Ghasia, Lawrence Tychsen
Dec 19, 2013·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Mark M G WaltonMichael Mustari
Apr 14, 2017·Journal of Neurophysiology·Mark M G WaltonKristina Tarczy-Hornoch
Sep 8, 2010·Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·Lawrence TychsenAndreas Burkhalter
Sep 17, 2010·Strabismus·Marcel P M ten Tusscher, Rene J van Rijn
May 24, 2020·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Adam Pallus, Mark M G Walton
Sep 29, 2011·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Michael J Mustari, Seiji Ono
Sep 15, 2017·Journal of Neurophysiology·Mark M G Walton, Michael J Mustari
Jun 13, 2015·Journal of Neurophysiology·Mark M G Walton, Michael J Mustari
May 24, 2017·Annual Review of Vision Science·Vallabh E Das
Sep 29, 2019·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Adam PallusMark M G Walton

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