How do plasma membranes reach the circulation?

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
V O Van HoofM E De Broe

Abstract

Diagnostic enzymology measures the serum or plasma levels of enzymes that were originally located within the cell, or were attached to its plasma membrane with their active sites exposed to the external milieu. The process by which they are released varies under different physiological and pathological conditions. In this way, shedding of hepatocyte plasma membranes is thought to be responsible for the release of liver plasma membrane fragments (LiPMF) into the circulation in metastatic, infiltrative and cholestatic liver diseases. Several membrane-bound enzymes, such as gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nu) are expressed at the surface of the shedded LiPMF. These enzymes are attached to the cell membrane by means of hydrophobic interactions between the anchoring domain of the enzyme and lipid components of the cell membrane, e.g. through a specific glycan phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. There is a striking homology between these LiPMF and the membrane fragments shedded or actively formed by other cells, such as bone matrix vesicles-rich in bone ALP-, membrane fragments of the syncitiotrophoblast-rich in placental ALP-, and membrane fragment...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 26, 2001·Clinical Biochemistry·M J MartinsC Hipólito-Reis
Nov 7, 2002·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Elaine Gasparello-Clemente, Paulo Flávio Silveira
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Jul 20, 2010·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·Hua WangWei Zhang
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