How do viruses control mitochondria-mediated apoptosis?

Virus Research
Simon NeumannChristoph Borner

Abstract

There is no doubt that viruses require cells to successfully reproduce and effectively infect the next host. The question is what is the fate of the infected cells? All eukaryotic cells can "sense" viral infections and exhibit defence strategies to oppose viral replication and spread. This often leads to the elimination of the infected cells by programmed cell death or apoptosis. This "sacrifice" of infected cells represents the most primordial response of multicellular organisms to viruses. Subverting host cell apoptosis, at least for some time, is therefore a crucial strategy of viruses to ensure their replication, the production of essential viral proteins, virus assembly and the spreading to new hosts. For that reason many viruses harbor apoptosis inhibitory genes, which once inside infected cells are expressed to circumvent apoptosis induction during the virus reproduction phase. On the other hand, viruses can take advantage of stimulating apoptosis to (i) facilitate shedding and hence dissemination, (ii) to prevent infected cells from presenting viral antigens to the immune system or (iii) to kill non-infected bystander and immune cells which would limit viral propagation. Hence the decision whether an infected host cell ...Continue Reading

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Jun 10, 2015·Viruses·Yuki Nakaya, Takayuki Miyazawa
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Oct 14, 2017·Chemical Reviews·Damián Alvarez-PaggiDaniel H Murgida

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ubiquitination
nuclear translocation

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