How populations persist when asexuality requires sex: the spatial dynamics of coping with sperm parasites

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
Hanna KokkoDaniel J Rankin

Abstract

The twofold cost of sex implies that sexual and asexual reproduction do not coexist easily. Asexual forms tend to outcompete sexuals but may eventually suffer higher extinction rates, creating tension between short- and long-term advantages of different reproductive modes. The 'short-sightedness' of asexual reproduction takes a particularly intriguing form in gynogenetic species complexes, in which an asexual species requires sperm from a related sexual host species to trigger embryogenesis. Asexuals are then predicted to outcompete their host, after which neither species can persist. We examine whether spatial structure can explain continued coexistence of the species complex, and assess the evidence based on data on the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa). A modification of the Levins metapopulation model creates two regions of good prospects for coexistence, connected by a region of poorer patch occupancy levels. In the first case, mate discrimination and/or niche differentiation keep local extinction rates low, and most patches contain both species; the other possibility resembles host-parasite dynamics where parasites frequently drive the host locally extinct. Several dynamical features are counterintuitive and relate to the p...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 13, 2013·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·Jussi LehtonenHanna Kokko
Jun 19, 2013·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Andrea ŠimkováMartina Vyskočilová
Aug 25, 2009·Journal of Theoretical Biology·K Janko, J Eisner
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Sep 24, 2010·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·D J RankinA Wagner
Sep 10, 2010·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Sorcha E Mc GintySam P Brown
Jan 8, 2015·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Luke HolmanHanna Kokko
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Jun 7, 2021·Die Naturwissenschaften·A L Brunton MartinJ C O'Hanlon

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