How receptor tyrosine kinases activate Ras

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. RTKs have been shown not only to be key regulators of normal cellular processes but also to have a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer. Discover the latest research on cell signaling and RTK here.

How receptor tyrosine kinases activate Ras

Abstract

References

The SH2 and SH3 domain-containing protein GRB2 links receptor tyrosine kinases to ras signaling.

Growth factor signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.

C. elegans cell-signalling gene sem-5 encodes a protein with SH2 and SH3 domains

Identification of a protein that binds to the SH3 region of Abl and is similar to Bcr and GAP-rho

Association of the Shc and Grb2/Sem5 SH2-containing proteins is implicated in activation of the Ras pathway by tyrosine kinases

Multiple intercellular signalling systems control the development of the Caenorhabditis elegans vulva.

SH2 and SH3 domains: elements that control interactions of cytoplasmic signaling proteins

The Son of sevenless gene product: a putative activator of Ras.

Ras1 and a putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor perform crucial steps in signaling by the sevenless protein tyrosine kinase

The function of GRB2 in linking the insulin receptor to Ras signaling pathways

Grb2 mediates the EGF-dependent activation of guanine nucleotide exchange on Ras

An SH3-SH2-SH3 protein is required for p21Ras1 activation and binds to sevenless and Sos proteins in vitro

A Drosophila SH2-SH3 adaptor protein implicated in coupling the sevenless tyrosine kinase to an activator of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange, Sos

Association of Sos Ras exchange protein with Grb2 is implicated in tyrosine kinase signal transduction and transformation

The SH2 and SH3 domains of mammalian Grb2 couple the EGF receptor to the Ras activator mSos1

Guanine-nucleotide-releasing factor hSos1 binds to Grb2 and links receptor tyrosine kinases to Ras signalling

Epidermal growth factor regulates p21ras through the formation of a complex of receptor, Grb2 adapter protein, and Sos nucleotide exchange factor

Human Sos1: a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras that binds to GRB2

Signalling through SH2 and SH3 domains

Citations

Involvement of Shc in the signaling response of human prostate tumor cell lines to epidermal growth factor

PC12h-R cell, a subclone of PC12 cells, shows EGF-induced neuronal differentiation and sustained signaling

Response to transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in hepatocytes: lower EGF receptor affinity of TGFalpha is associated with more sustained activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and greater efficacy in stimulation of DNA synthesis

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors: activators of the Ras superfamily of proteins

Molecular cloning of the mouse APS as a member of the Lnk family adaptor proteins.

Epidermal growth factor stimulation of the ACK1/Dbl pathway in a Cdc42 and Grb2-dependent manner

Transmembrane signalling in eukaryotes: a comparison between higher and lower eukaryotes

Structure and function of the receptor-like protein kinases of higher plants

GTP-binding proteins in plants: new members of an old family

Molecular analysis of two Ypt/Rab-related sequences isolated from soybean (Glycine max) DNA libraries.

The structural basis of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor binding and negative co-operativity, and its relevance to mitogenic versus metabolic signalling

Heterodimerization and functional interaction between EGF receptor family members: a new signaling paradigm with implications for breast cancer research

Transmembrane signaling in kidney health and disease

Signal transduction mechanisms in the regulation of protein synthesis

Specific inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase by 4-anilinoquinazolines

14-3-3 proteins in neuronal development and function

Multisubunit receptors in the immune system and their association with the cytoskeleton: in search of functional significance

Constitutive activation of p70S6k in cancer cells

Enhancement of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by supplementation with umbilical cord blood serum

Ras antagonizes cAMP stimulated glucagon gene transcription in pancreatic islet cell lines

The mammalian UV response: mechanism of DNA damage induced gene expression

The first intron of the BCR gene contains two minor alternative exons

Protein kinases and phosphatases that act on histidine, lysine, or arginine residues in eukaryotic proteins: a possible regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade

Cellular components of nerve growth factor signaling

The B-cell antigen receptor complex: structure and signal transduction

Emerging components of the Crk oncogene product: the first identified adaptor protein

The critical role of CD28 signalling in the prevention of human T-cell anergy

Recognition of endotoxin by cells leading to transmembrane signaling

Determination of photoreceptor cell fate in the Drosophila retina

SH2 and SH3 domains: potential targets for anti-cancer drug design

Eph receptor-ephrin bidirectional signals that target Ras and Rho proteins

Hydrogen peroxide mediates arsenite activation of p70(s6k) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase

Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibits mitogen-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation

The pathway connecting m2 receptors to the nucleus involves small GTP-binding proteins acting on divergent MAP kinase cascades

Epidermal growth factor activates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) in freshly isolated porcine granulosa cells

The neurotrophic action and signalling of epidermal growth factor

Signal transduction via platelet-derived growth factor receptors

Growth factor ligands of tyrosine kinase receptors activate the Rous sarcoma virus promoter by a Ras- and Raf-dependent mechanism

Dephosphorylation of cofilin is regulated through Ras and requires the combined activities of the Ras-effectors MEK and PI3K

The role of the PH domain and SH3 binding domains in dynamin function

Regulation of Ras-mediated signalling: more than one way to skin a cat

Novel Molecular Mediators in the Pathway Connecting G-protein-coupled Receptors to MAP Kinase Cascades

Activation of MAPK cascades by G-protein-coupled receptors: the case of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Guanidino anthrathiophenediones as G-quadruplex binders: uptake, intracellular localization, and anti-Harvey-Ras gene activity in bladder cancer cells

SLP76 and SLP65: complex regulation of signalling in lymphocytes and beyond

Mutant forms of growth factor-binding protein-2 reverse BCR-ABL-induced transformation

Identity of adenylyl cyclase isoform determines the rate of cell cycle progression in NIH 3T3 cells

Expression of Q227L-galphas in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells inhibits tumorigenesis

Moe1, a conserved protein in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, interacts with a Ras effector, Scd1, to affect proper spindle formation

G protein beta gamma subunit-dependent Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange activity of Ras-GRF1/CDC25(Mm)

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