How safe are the global water coverage figures? Case study from Madhya Pradesh, India

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Sam GodfreySarika Pimpalkar

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation was designed to provide reference figures for access in individual countries to safe water. The JMP is based on non-administrative or nongovernment data from national-level surveys such as the Multiple Indicator Clusters Survey (MICS) or Demographic Health Survey. In the 2007 JMP report, India is noted to have water supply coverage of 89% (95% in urban areas and 85% in rural areas) compared to the Government of India estimates of 95%. The central state of Madhya Pradesh is noted by the Government of India to have coverage of 60%. However, the definition of access to safe water currently does not consider the quality or safety of the water being consumed. This paper, therefore, presents results from the application of a statistical tool (random multiple cluster technique-termed Rapid Assessment of Drinking Water Quality [RADWQ]) to Indore Zone in Madhya Pradesh. When results provided by the RADWQ technique are compared to the JMP MICS data, coverage levels reported in the JMP are reduced by up to 40% due to the high risk of microbiological (thermotolerant coliforms) contamination. In Indore...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 13, 2012·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Kyle OndaJamie Bartram
Oct 10, 2013·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Molly PatrickThomas Handzel
Apr 5, 2014·Bulletin of the World Health Organization·Ameer ShaheedJoe Brown
May 9, 2014·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Robert BainJamie Bartram
Jul 22, 2015·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Kristen HeitzingerStephen E Hawes
Mar 30, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Health Research·Jahidur Rahman Khan, K Shuvo Bakar
Apr 21, 2018·Journal of Water and Health·Muhammed A UsmanEvita H Pangaribowo
Dec 15, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Ting WangZunzhen Zhang

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