PMID: 11907947Mar 23, 2002Paper

How significant are environmental estrogens to women?

Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society
A Cassidy, S Milligan

Abstract

Women are exposed to xenobiotic estrogens at least to the same extent as men. These estrogenic chemicals are either from plant material in the diet (phytoestrogens) or from industrial sources. Mainly industrially derived environmental estrogens may accumulate within the food chain and persist in human adipose tissue. In contrast, phytoestrogens do not bioaccumulate and are rapidly excreted in urine. The phytoestrogens probably represent the source of most extensive exposure for humans. Epidemiological evidence suggests that diets rich in phytoestrogens are associated with reduced incidences of cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, prostate cancer and osteoporosis. The numerous bioactivities (other than just estrogenicity) of phytoestrogens and related dietary compounds make it difficult to single out the mechanisms mediating such protective effects. The possibility that the newly discovered estrogen receptor beta may be an important modulator of phytoestrogen action is opening up new lines of research. While the evidence suggests that phytoestrogens may be of positive relevance to postmenopausal women, indications that exposure of women to industrially derived xenobiotic estrogens provides risks to health remain unproven. Furt...Continue Reading

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