How the Body Talks to the Brain; Peripheral Mediators of Physical Activity-Induced Proliferation in the Adult Hippocampus

Brain Plasticity
Simone Bolijn, Paul J Lucassen

Abstract

In the hippocampal dentate gyrus, stem cells maintain the capacity to produce new neurons into adulthood. These adult-generated neurons become fully functional and are incorporated into the existing hippocampal circuit. The process of adult neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal functioning and is influenced by various environmental, hormonal and disease-related factors. One of the most potent stimuli of neurogenesis is physical activity (PA). While the bodily and peripheral changes of PA are well known, e.g. in relation to diet or cardiovascular conditions, little is known about which of these also exert central effects on the brain. Here, we discuss PA-induced changes in peripheral mediators that can modify hippocampal proliferation, and address changes with age, sex or PA duration/intensity. Of the many peripheral factors known to be triggered by PA, serotonin, FGF-2, IGF-1, VEGF, β-endorphin and adiponectin are best known for their stimulatory effects on hippocampal proliferation. Interestingly, while age negatively affects hippocampal proliferation per se, also the PA-induced response to most of these peripheral mediators is reduced and particularly the response to IGF-1 and NPY strongly declines with age. Sex differences...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 12, 2017·Cell and Tissue Research·Brian E Eisinger, Xinyu Zhao
Oct 16, 2018·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Edwin E Reza-ZaldivarAlejandro A Canales-Aguirre
Feb 23, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Laura MicheliFelice Tirone
May 28, 2019·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Robert Stojan, Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
Oct 9, 2015·Brain Plasticity·Henriette van Praag, Brian Christie
Jan 13, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Edna SoaresFrederico C Pereira
Jan 31, 2021·Psychiatry Research·Su ZhangHai-Feng Pan
Jan 15, 2019·Acta Biomaterialia·Ashley N LeberfingerIbrahim T Ozbolat

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BETA
ELISA

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