How the cortex gets its folds: an inside-out, connectivity-driven model for the scaling of Mammalian cortical folding.

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
Bruno Mota, Suzana Herculano-Houzel

Abstract

Larger mammalian cerebral cortices tend to have increasingly folded surfaces, often considered to result from the lateral expansion of the gray matter (GM), which, in a volume constrained by the cranium, causes mechanical compression that is relieved by inward folding of the white matter (WM), or to result from differential expansion of cortical layers. Across species, thinner cortices, presumably more pliable, would offer less resistance and hence become more folded than thicker cortices of a same size. However, such models do not acknowledge evidence in favor of a tension-based pull onto the GM from the inside, holding it in place even when the constraint imposed by the cranium is removed. Here we propose a testable, quantitative model of cortical folding driven by tension along the length of axons in the WM that assumes that connections through the WM are formed early in development, at the same time as the GM becomes folded, and considers that axonal connections through the WM generate tension that leads to inward folding of the WM surface, which pulls the GM surface inward. As an important necessary simplifying hypothesis, we assume that axons leaving or entering the WM do so approximately perpendicularly to the WM-GM inte...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 19, 2013·Trends in Neurosciences·Karl ZillesKatrin Amunts
Oct 7, 2015·Frontiers in Psychology·Constantina Theofanopoulou
Apr 10, 2013·Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials·P V BaylyC D Kroenke
Apr 22, 2015·Annual Review of Neuroscience·Georg F StriedterEdwin S Monuki
Apr 29, 2014·Brain Structure & Function·Lena PalaniyappanPeter Liddle
Jul 23, 2013·Journal of Psychiatric Research·Sujung YoonIn Kyoon Lyoo
Nov 28, 2014·Frontiers in Neuroanatomy·Rodrigo S KazuSuzana Herculano-Houzel
Mar 22, 2014·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Tao Sun, Robert F Hevner
Nov 18, 2015·Nature Communications·Jane R GarrisonJon S Simons
Jul 10, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Bruno MotaSuzana Herculano-Houzel
Jun 1, 2018·Cerebral Cortex·Lauren E LiberoChristine Wu Nordahl
Jun 7, 2019·European Eating Disorders Review : the Journal of the Eating Disorders Association·Jenni LeppanenKate Tchanturia
Jan 1, 2019·International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials·Timothy J EsworthyLijie Grace Zhang
Jun 23, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Suzana Herculano-Houzel
Apr 30, 2019·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Dennis M HedderichChristian Sorg
Apr 2, 2013·Cerebral Cortex·Lisa RonanPaul C Fletcher
Nov 17, 2020·Network Neuroscience·Kamal ShadiConstantine Dovrolis
Oct 4, 2021·Mechanisms of Ageing and Development·Yana BlinkouskayaJohannes Weickenmeier
Aug 3, 2020·Brain, Behavior and Evolution·Felipe CunhaAndrew N Iwaniuk

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