How the early sporulation sigma factor sigmaF delays the switch to late development in Bacillus subtilis

Molecular Microbiology
C Karmazyn-CampelliP Stragier

Abstract

Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is a primitive differentiation process involving two cell types, the forespore and the mother cell. Each cell implements two successive transcription programmes controlled by specific sigma factors. We report that activity of sigma(G), the late forespore sigma factor, is kept in check by Gin, the product of csfB, a gene controlled by sigma(F), the early forespore sigma factor. Gin abolishes sigma(G) transcriptional activity when sigma(G) is artificially synthesized during growth, but has no effect on sigma(F). Gin interacts strongly with sigma(G) but not with sigma(F) in a yeast two-hybrid experiment. The absence of Gin allows sigma(G) to be active during sporulation independently of the mother-cell development to which it is normally coupled. Premature sigma(G) activity leads to the formation of slow-germinating spores, and complete deregulation of sigma(G) synthesis is lethal when combined with gin inactivation. Gin allows sigma(F) to delay the switch to the late forespore transcription programme by preventing sigma(G) to take over before the cell has reached a critical stage of development. A similar strategy, following a completely unrelated route, is used by the mother cell.

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Citations

Mar 21, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Vladimir M LevdikovAnthony J Wilkinson
Oct 8, 2013·PLoS Genetics·Fátima C PereiraAdriano O Henriques
Nov 19, 2011·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Douglas Higgins, Jonathan Dworkin
Dec 21, 2013·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Anna KonovalovaLee Kroos
Jun 6, 2009·Journal of Molecular Biology·Lamya RhayatPatrick Stragier
Jun 10, 2017·Molecular Microbiology·Anna F Wang EricksonRichard Losick

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