HoxB2, HoxB4 and Alx4 genes are downregulated in the cadmium-induced omphalocele in the chick model.

Pediatric Surgery International
Takashi DoiJennifer Thompson

Abstract

In the chick embryo, administration of cadmium (Cd) induces omphalocele phenotype. HoxB2 and HoxB4, expressed in cell types that contribute to ventral body wall (VBW) formation, act together to mediate proper closure of the VBW, involving a key downstream transcription factor, Alx4. HoxB2 and HoxB4 knockout mice display VBW defects with specific downregulation of Alx4 gene expression, while homozygous Alx4 knockouts show omphalocele phenotype. Although the earliest histological changes in the Cd chick model occur commencing at 4H post treatment, the exact timing and molecular mechanism by which Cd acts is still unclear. We hypothesized that HoxB2, HoxB4 and Alx4 genes are downregulated during the critical timing of very early embryogenesis in the Cd-induced omphalocele chick model. After 60H incubation, chick embryos were harvested at 1H, 4H and 8H after treatment with saline or Cd and divided into controls and Cd group (n = 24 for each group). RT-PCR was performed to investigate the gene expression of HoxB2, HoxB4 and Alx4 and statistically analyzed (significance was accepted at p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining was also performed to evaluate the protein expression/distribution of HoxB2, HoxB4 and Alx4 in the chick embry...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 12, 2010·Pediatric Surgery International·Takashi DoiJennifer Thompson
Jan 25, 2011·Pediatric Surgery International·Takashi DoiJennifer Thompson
Jan 25, 2011·Pediatric Surgery International·Takashi DoiJennifer Thompson
Feb 1, 2011·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Takashi DoiJennifer Thompson
Apr 5, 2014·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Anna M LehmanMillan S Patel
May 23, 2018·Journal of Developmental Biology·Chih-Ning Chang, Chrissa Kioussi
Oct 18, 2014·Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene·M del C DíazC G Barbeito
Oct 12, 2011·Pediatric Surgery International·Takashi DoiJennifer Thompson

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